Below are some images of bamboo plants where the various parts have been labeled.
Above:
Slightly above ground, near the surface of the soil, as with its cousin corn (maize), bamboo can be found to have brace roots that help to anchor and stabilize the culm.
Above:
A node can be further broken down into its parts. Those being: the supernodal ridge, the nodal ring, and the sheath scar. The long section between the nodes is the internode.
Below:
At the branching nodes the branches alternate from side to side up the culm. The same node parts can be found on the branches as on the culms.
Above:
Inside the culms can be found the diaphragm, the solid internal portion of the node. The culm walls form the hollow portion of the internode called the culm cavity.
Above:
In species termed “running”, or those having long rhizomes, these are the spreading portion of the root system. These are usually within only the top 6″ of soil. They are quite shallow.
Above:
The feeder roots that form off of the rhizomes make a dense, fibrous mat that can extend downwards into the soil a few feet.
Above:
In comparison to “running” bamboo, the root system of a “clumping” bamboo is compact. The rhizome necks are very short.
Species shown is Fargesia dracocephala ‘Rufa’.